CCNA - About Internetworking Basics

-: Internetworking Basics:-

Here’s A list of some of the things that commonly cause LAN traffic congestion:-

-           Too many hosts in a broadcast Domain.

-           Broadband Storms.

-           Multicasting.

-           Low Bandwidth.

-           Adding hubs for connectivity to the network.

-           A Bunch of ARP or IPX traffic (IPX is a Novell protocol that is such as IP, But really chatty. Typically not used today’s networks.)

There are two advantage of using routers in your network:-

-           They don’t forward broadcast by default.

-           They can filter the network based on layer3 (Network Layer) information (e.g. IP address).

Four Router Functions in your Network can be listed as follows:-

-           Packet Switching

-           Packet Filtering

-           Internetwork Communication

-           Path Selection

CCNA ( -: Router Mode:- )

-: Router Mode:-

   -1. Interface mode/user mode                                To routing information

   -2. Privilege mode/Addministrator                        To trouble shooting

   -3. Configuration mode/Globlization mode            To add the commands 

- : MODE:-

1. Router>  It is a user mode.

2. Router> enable

3. Router# It is privilege mode.

4. Router#configure terminal

5. Router(config) # It is a Global mode

6. Router(config) #exit

            To come out from mode one by one.

CCNA ( -: Router:- )

                            -: Router:-

Hardware Component in Router:-

1. CPU
2.   -RAM                                        Running data/online process
3.   -NVRAM                                  As a Hard Disk
4.   -ROM                                        BIOS chip
5. LOGIC BOARD                     
6. INTERFACE PORTS
7.   -SMPS                                       To AC power supply

Types of Interface ports:-

1.   -Serial Port                                To connnect Router to Router         
2.   -Ethernet/FastEthernet            To send rate 1-100MBPS/100-1000 MBPS
3.   -Auxilary Port                           To WAN
4.   -BRI/PRI Port                           To ISDN Line
5.   -Console Port                            PC to Router & Router to PC
6.   -Power Port                               To AC Power Supply

Types of Router:-

1.   -Fix                                              Under 2500 Series
2.   -Modular                                     External 2600 Series
3.   -MPLS                                         To Multicasting & Security Purpose.

CCNA ( -: Protocol:- )

-: Protocol:-

1. RIP (Routing Information Protocol):- RIP is an entire gateway protocol that manages the exchange of routing table information among routes. RIP unable router to exchange their routing table at a free defines internal.

This way is efficient & way to replaced by the Open Shortest Path First protocol. Which updates the routing table only then network change occurred. The RIP is a distance vector protocol that is defined in two versions. That is Version­­₁ & Version₂.

2. IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol):- IGRP is distance vector routes protocol. This implies, that is router sends all or a part of routing table in a routing message update.

3. EIGRP (Enhance Interior Gateway Routing Protocol):- Host Introduce as an improvement to IGRP. EIGRP host created using IGRP as the base & adding additional function to IGRP.

4. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):- The OSPF is a link state routing protocol use to handle routing for internet protocol transmission. A link state routing protocol update in routing table on. Then network changes occur router at a free define interval.

5. CHSAP (Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol):- CHSAP is used to establish secure communication between router server & node. Servers send a challenge to the node.

CCNA ( -: Routes:- )

                                                   -: Routes:-

Static Routes:- Static Routes are the router that administrator manually enter in routing Table. These routes define the IP address of Router. That is the next lap of data packets. Static Routes can’t adjust to network change.

For Example:- If A Router or an interface suddenly fail. The router can’t work. Then we use

Temporary corruption. Such as dial up network use static routes.

Dynamic Routes:- The Router automatically collect the route from the network & store in it. The routing Table, these are all dynamic routes.

Default routes:- Every  router required a default route to which it can send data package. If name of the router are available in routing table. The default can be manually entered in the routing table or the router dynamic configure it. Default routes unable, the router to send the data packets to an interface that is not a local segment.